Correction of these NAO is done with a 'shot-gun' surgical approach, doing as many surgeries in one procedure in hope of alleviating the problem. This causes a change in the geometry between the right and left nasal passage, and the patient then experiences constant discomfort when inhaling due to the differences in pressure or shear stress on the nasal wall. There are many types of obstructions but the most common is a deviated septum caused by some trauma to the nose. Nasal Airway Obstructions (NAO)- The focus of this study is relieving the stress to the patient cause by nasal airway obstructions. The entrance of the sinuses into the nasal cavity is relatively small and does not impact the flow in cavity to any great extent. Additionally there are four sets of sinuses around nasal cavity, which for this study will be removed from the geometry. These concha serve to distribute the incoming air and also warm and moisten the air before entering the lungs.
Viewing the skull from the coronal plane, like you are facing the patient, shows that these concha are actually curved. There are three sets of concha, inferior, middle and superior. These bones are long finger-like shelves in the nasal passage, extending from the top of the exterior nose to the nasopharynx. The most complex section of the geometry is nasal concha or turbinates that occupy most of the cavity. The nose itself contains flaps of cartilage that act as valves, during a deep inhale the sides of the nose collapse controlling flow. Air flow enters the nose through the nostrils, entering vertically and the flow is redirected horizontally with the curvature of the nose. The right and left nostril are separated by the septum, a membrane that is mostly cartilage in the anterior of the nose but becomes a thin bone in the posterior of the cavity. For a reference the cavity extends all the way to the uvula in the back of your throat, so your nasal cavity extends deep inside the skull. The nasal airway cavity is a very complex structure extending from the nostrils at the anterior of the head, to the nasopharynx at the posterior of the throat. Understanding the nasal anatomy is essential in determining the proper geometry for the model.
Author: Brandon Kovarovic, Cornell UniversityĬreated using ANSYS 14.0 Problem SpecificationĢ- Extract the Geometry of the cavity using MIMICs softwareģ- Mesh the created STL file in ANSYS ICEM CFDĥ- Compare the pressure and shear stress on the nasal wall
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